Understanding Exhibitionism, Voyeurism, and Pedophilia
The final category of paraphilias involves sexual arousal with nonconsenting
partners. Unlike the foregoing, all ofthese paraphilias are crimes in our
society. The criminal aspect derives from the fact that they violate the freedom of others to make unconstrained sexual decisions.
Exhibitionism involves exposing the genitals to unwitting,
and usually unwilling, strangers.
Voyeurism involves observing the naked body, the disrobing, or the sexual
activity of an unsuspecting victim...
...and pedophilia involves sexual relations
with children below the age at which we consider it reasonable for them to
give mature consent.
Beyond these, rape-the sexual violation of one person
by another-is the most heinous instance of sex involving nonconsenting
partners.
We shall not discuss rape in this section for two reasons: First,
it is not clearly a paraphilia. To be a paraphilia, the act must be the individual's
exclusive, or vastly preferred, mode of sexual release. The shoe fetishist
does not become erect or have an orgasm unless he is fantasizing about,
seeing, or touching shoes. In contrast, the vast majority of rapists, most of
the time, can and do become sexually aroused and achieve sexual release in
activities other than rape. While fetishism and sadism may play some role in
rape, the coercive violence involved is not usually necessary for sexual
arousal by the rapist.
Second, rape is a major crime, an act for which it is imperative
that society hold the individual responsible, punishing him accordingly.
Ifwe were to include rape as a disorder in the nosology ofparaphilias,
there would be some tendency to excuse the act and lighten the burden of
the rapist's individual responsibility-even if there was not a shred of evidence
other than the rape itself that indicated psychological abnormality.
The acts of murder, assault, and theft are not automatically thought of as
psychological disorders unless there is additional evidence of abnormality,
and we believe rape should be thought of in the same way. The expression
"Only a sick man could have done that," when applied to rape or murder
seems to us deeply and insidiously confused.
partners. Unlike the foregoing, all ofthese paraphilias are crimes in our
society. The criminal aspect derives from the fact that they violate the freedom of others to make unconstrained sexual decisions.
Exhibitionism involves exposing the genitals to unwitting,
and usually unwilling, strangers.
Voyeurism involves observing the naked body, the disrobing, or the sexual
activity of an unsuspecting victim...
...and pedophilia involves sexual relations
with children below the age at which we consider it reasonable for them to
give mature consent.
Beyond these, rape-the sexual violation of one person
by another-is the most heinous instance of sex involving nonconsenting
partners.
We shall not discuss rape in this section for two reasons: First,
it is not clearly a paraphilia. To be a paraphilia, the act must be the individual's
exclusive, or vastly preferred, mode of sexual release. The shoe fetishist
does not become erect or have an orgasm unless he is fantasizing about,
seeing, or touching shoes. In contrast, the vast majority of rapists, most of
the time, can and do become sexually aroused and achieve sexual release in
activities other than rape. While fetishism and sadism may play some role in
rape, the coercive violence involved is not usually necessary for sexual
arousal by the rapist.
Second, rape is a major crime, an act for which it is imperative
that society hold the individual responsible, punishing him accordingly.
Ifwe were to include rape as a disorder in the nosology ofparaphilias,
there would be some tendency to excuse the act and lighten the burden of
the rapist's individual responsibility-even if there was not a shred of evidence
other than the rape itself that indicated psychological abnormality.
The acts of murder, assault, and theft are not automatically thought of as
psychological disorders unless there is additional evidence of abnormality,
and we believe rape should be thought of in the same way. The expression
"Only a sick man could have done that," when applied to rape or murder
seems to us deeply and insidiously confused.
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